Abstract
The word ‘abro' comes from Greek words that mean ‘exquisite' or ‘subtle'. People whose sexuality fluctuates from time to time are known as abrosexual. Their sexual orientation is fluid, like a river that continuously changes its course. The sexual attraction that an individual feels towards one or more or other gender is referred to as sexual orientation; it also refers to a person's attraction to another person and ranges anywhere from being straight, gay, bisexual and any other orientation. In this study article, the abrosexual orientation of Robinson Crusoe, the main protagonist of all time classic novel 'Robinson Crusoe' will be examined through the Klein Sexual orientation grid. The study is a qualitative study of the novel that finds and examines the relationship of the protagonist's experiences, involvements, relationships, and behaviors throughout the novel to Klein's gender grid of variables. The analysis focuses on key scenes and interactions particularly involving Friday to assess Crusoe's sexual attraction, preferences, and social relationships through the KSOG framework. The purpose of the study is to examine how Crusoe's sexual orientation fluctuated and developed over the course of the novel, as well as how the KSOG variables manifested in the protagonist's experiences and relationships.
Keywords: Sexual Orientation, Fitz Klein, Sexuality, Robinson, Friday, Gender, Society, Relationship, Measurement, Variable, Category, Fluctuations.
Dr. Klein has created the Klein Sexual Introduction Lattice to investigate more profound into the genuineness of sexual introduction. Framework does not categorize people, or maybe centers on looking at their sexual introduction comprehensively. The lattice looks at past sentimental fascination, centers on the individual’s involvement, future competitors, and social impacts in someone’s sexual introduction and recognizes the ease of sexual introduction. It names how the sexual introduction of people can vary from time to time. Among the well-known scales, there is the Kinsley scale, in spite of the fact that the most point by point approach to uncovering the introduction of the subject is the Klein sexual introduction framework. This lattice is created based on seven categories, to which other factors are included, and it is seven of them. These components are, Sexual Fascination: concerning the physical deference that the person has over other individuals. Sexual behavior: relates to the individual’s sex life and/or sexual endeavors. Sexual Inclination: is approximately one’s crave and fantasies. Passionate Inclination: respects sentiments that individuals have for other individuals Social Inclination: It is characterized as the individual’s social possibility and particularly, the physical reaction of the person almost social objects, that is, other individuals. Way of life: talks of people’s way of life and how the portion that separates sexual introduction plays in it.
1.2 The sexual orientation grid of Dr Fitz Klein:
| The Klein Sexual Orientation Grid | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Categorize | Past | Present | Ideal |
| 1.Sexual Attraction | |||
| 2.Sexual Behavior | |||
| 3.Sexual Preference | |||
| 4.Emotional Preference | |||
| 5.Social Preference | |||
| 6.LIfestyle | |||
| 7.Self Identification |
The other seven variables.
| From 1 to 5 (categorize) | From 6 to 7 (categorize) |
|---|---|
| 1.Other sex only | 1.Heterosexual |
| 2.Other sex mostly | 2.Heterosexual mostly |
| 3.Othersex somewhat more | 3.Heterosexual somewhat more |
| 4.Both sexes | 4.Gay-lesbian/hetero equally |
| 5.Same sex somewhat more | 5.gay-lesbian somewhat more |
| 6.Same sex mostly | 6.Gay/Lesbian mostly |
| 7.same sex only | 7.Gay/lesbian only |
In the all-time classic “Robinson Crusoe” by Daniel Dafoe, the main protagonist has gone through sexual orientation fluctuations. Upon conducting the grid to the novel, it is clear. Robinson Crusoe is an Englishman with an ambition for adventure, while his family is strictly against his adventure nature and always protests it. Despite his parents’ obligation, Robinson set sail in 1651, embarking on an adventure that nearly cost his lives. Throughout his escapades, he meets the excitement of trade and the harsh realities of slavery.Sexual attraction refers to the individual’s physical attraction to others. The relationship between Crusoe and Friday is a central theme in Daniel Defoe's "Robinson Crusoe," providing insights into the complexity of human attraction. Reader can examine the subtleties of Robinson Crusoe's sexual attraction to Friday using the Klein Sexual Orientation Grid (KSOG) as a framework, emphasizing the interaction between physical attraction, emotional resonance, and social standards. The main topic of this analysis is Crusoe's first meeting with Friday and how their relationship affects the plot of the book.
2.1 The First Meeting: A Glimmer of Interest
An important turning point in Robinson Crusoe and Friday's relationship is their first meeting. Essential information is provided by the thorough account of Friday's physical attributes and Crusoe's response. Robinson’s first interaction with Friday shows the first spark of physical attraction for Crusoe.
“I was greatly surprised with this book of nature. I had never seen anything like it in my life, which is certain. The man was naked, but whether he was a European or not, I could not tell. He had a particularly good countenance, not a fierce and surly aspect, but seemed to have something very manly in his face; and yet he had all the sweetness and softness of a European in his countenance too, especially when he smiled.” (Chapter 12)
This section makes clear crucial details that help explain Crusoe's feelings for Friday on a sexual level:
Nakedness and Physical Observation: The phrase "naked" refers to Friday's state of undisturbed physical observation. Because it emphasizes the physicality of their first meeting, this detail is important. A degree of closeness and vulnerability is introduced by Crusoe's ability to see Friday's body in its natural condition, implying an instantaneous physical attraction.
Ambiguity and Mysteries: Crusoe's doubts over Friday's nationality, specifically "whether he was a European or not," give their encounter a mysterious and intriguing quality. Crusoe is intrigued by this uncertainty, which emphasizes the attraction of the strange and unfamiliar. Friday's exoticism and foreignness might make him more appealing to Crusoe, which would light the first spark of sexual attraction. Crusoe may find Friday more attractive because of his exoticism and foreignness, which may have contributed to the first spark of romance.
Beautiful Appearance and Two Advantages: Friday is said to have a “very good look,” which denotes a pleasing or appealing appearance. His features are described as "manly" but also as having "all the sweetness and softness of a European," which combines aspects that are typically associated with both men and women. This contrast heightens Friday's attraction by implying that Crusoe is drawn to a nuanced set of traits that go beyond traditional gender roles.
Emotional Resonance and Smile: A deeper emotional resonance is suggested by highlighting Friday's smile and the warmth it exudes. Crusoe's attention to this facet of Friday's expression suggests that he is attracted to her on an emotional level in addition to the physical. Friday's close monitoring raises concerns about his sexual orientation. The language used to defend the current anti-homosexuality legislation suggests that relationships between people of the same gender are deviant. This portrayal shows how important physical appeal is to a same-sex couple's romantic attraction. Robinson’s detailed observation of Friday is a sign of physical attraction. The KSOG categorize sexual attraction of Robinson Crusoe is same sex only.
2.2 Sexual Preference
Sexual preference refers to the term of individuals desire and fantasies to others. Robinson engagement with Friday exemplifies the variable of sexual preference. Longing for a specific other is a highly ambiguous human emotion, which is a mixture of attraction to the desired person, as well as a desire to be with him for the rest of his life (Gottman & Silver, 2015). While desire carries the reason why two people want each other and why they feel the desire to be close, commitment forms the foundation upon which a relationship is going to be established (Finkel Eastwick, 2012) Some of the features of this bond include; Organizational commitment is working toward objectives that are based on standard work ethics, pre-implemented changes for the future, and acceptance to grow with life's challenges (Salvatore , 2018). Understanding the fluidity and intricate nature of Crusoe's sexuality as it is portrayed in the novel requires an investigation of his sexual orientation.
“In a word, I so plainly discovered the utmost affection in him to me, and a firm resolution in him, that I told him then and often after, that I would never send him away from me if he was willing to stay with me”.
This section goes into greater detail into Crusoe's inner thoughts, wants, and dreams, while the preceding section focused on the behavioral and physical aspects of his relationships with others. For evaluating Crusoe's sexual preference, the KSOG offers a helpful framework because it "focuses on the individual's experience" and "recognizes the fluidity of sexual orientation,” There are passages in the book that imply Crusoe's fantasies and desires go beyond simple physical attraction. Intimate language is used to express Crusoe's first thoughts upon Friday's arrival on the island, for instance: "I was amazed at the creature's beauty, and the symmetry of his features" (Defoe, 1719). This shows that there is more to Friday than meets the eye from a purely utilitarian or colonial standpoint. Crusoe's later deeds, like imparting Friday language and rituals, further suggest a wish to set up a deep emotional bond. In addition, Crusoe's thoughts about his solitude on the island show a need for closeness and company. He often describes the "melancholy" and "solitude" he felt, and he expresses a need for "a fellow-creature" to share his experiences and ideas within his journal entries (Defoe, 1719). This implies that a deeper emotional urge for companionship may have influenced Crusoe's sexual orientation rather than just physical attractiveness. Teo Paoletti, a sociologist, has examined the idea of "companionate love," which offers an insightful view on Crusoe and Friday's relationship. Rather than emphasizing only physical or sexual desire, companionate love highlights the value of emotional connection, common interests, and a sense of understanding and support for one another(Teo Paoletti,2020) So, Crusoe's preference for Friday rather than a purely sexual one would have stemmed from a desire for a meaningful, emotionally invested relationship. It is important to consider that Crusoe's sexual preferences and the ways in which he expressed them may have been influenced by the historical and social background of the book. A more sophisticated and idealized concept of romantic love appeared in the 18th century, emphasizing friendship and emotional connection over sensual intensity (Stearns, 2009). These more general societal expectations and tendencies may have influenced Crusoe's aspirations and fantasies as they are presented in the text.
2.3 Social Preference
This refers to the individual’s social relationship and interaction with others. Robinson Crusoe and his adventures on an uninhabited island provide an exact reference for evaluating and comparing homosexual social preferences about attractiveness, jealousy, and intelligence. While Robinson's interactions with Jury and Friday may not have in common with gay men today, the story provides a covert approach to investigating aspects of affection, trust, and personal identity and struggles against societal norms that are studied in the published article(Smith aand Jane,2023). The study also proves that gay male adults may agree that physical appearance is a crucial factor when choosing a partner than heterosexual men (Muller & Gilbert, 2014). It coincides with Robinson's inspiration that appears from the physical appearance of Friday and other youth. However, once the relationship between the two characters develops further, Robinson appreciates Friday's reliability, intelligence and friendship more than the physical appearance of his partner, which seems to be similar to the long-term relationship characteristics of many gay men where personality and common values are important more than physical attraction (Peplau & Fingerhut, 2007).Jealousy is often defined as one of the multifaceted phenomena, especially in the context of same-sex relationships that can be referred to as heterosexual relationships (Kurdek, 2008). Jealousy is another potential problem that one can find in a same-sex relationship; So, Robinson's Friday defensiveness and his concern that the parrot can fly or be taken away from him is just like jealousy in homosexual relationships when the parties deal with and fear social issues related to same-sex relationship (Herek,2009). Education and mutual interest are significant aspects of personality that are often valued by gay men, because Robinson valued Friday's ability to learn and gain intellectual interest (Savin-Williams, 2011 The extent and quality of social interactions raised in the quality and quality of expectations can help explain the phenomenon of why so many homosexual communities are so close by being able to understand each other's experiences (Diamond, 2003).
2.4 Lifestyle
This refers to individuals’ overall lifestyle and how their sexual orientation influences it. In the further chapter,
“I gave him some milk in an earthen pot, and let him see me drink it before him, and soup my bread in it; and I gave him a cake of bread to do the like, which he quickly complied with, and made signs that it was very good for him.” (Chapter XVII)”.
Throughout their stay on the island, this example shows how Robinson nourishes Friday. He became the provider for Friday, he shares food with him. Sharing food is an act of physical closeness and sharing it with another person from your plate—this first nonverbal communication is a sign of deeper connection with people, even strangers. (Fidler,2003) This raises questions: why do we think about sharing food as something intimate between relationships? How do people ever make such assumptions? The idea of being fed creates assumptions about closeness through giving away food that was implanted into us by our parents when they fed us as babies. (Wulf, Andrea,2013). Sharing food can be a powerful method to ignite romance, even with total strangers. Research shows that it extends beyond only survival. Individuals may be setting up a relationship and subtly expressing to someone that they consider them as a partner by offering them a nibble. The potential benefit of finding love is greater than the cost of splitting a meal. (Wasnik B, M. Chenay 2015) Friday’s moral improvement by Robinson Crusoe is one of the kindest things he does in the novel. As a teacher and protector of Friday, Crusoe imparts language skills to him. He introduces to him Christianity and shares his value with him. Crusoe seems to adopt a more of an expert, beginning to impart knowledge to Friday, including language, religion, and other aspects. This, in a sense, paternal and protective attitude towards Friday reflects an intimacy of the connection between them regardless of the absence of a sexual part. Crusoe functions as teacher and expert over the island; in a way, he decides the lifestyle and the power relations on the island. Crusoe’s bond with Friday transformed their lifestyle and patterns of interacting in significant ways that are suggestively erotic. The physical holding, the closeness, the sharing of their feelings, and laughter all imply and write down that there is much more to Crusoe’s sexual orientation than a mere heterosexual orientation.
2.5 Marriage of Robinson Crusoe (Sexual Behavior, Emotional Preference, Self-Identification)
Their relationship’s closeness grows over the twenty-eight years, but a twist of fate forces Robinson to choose between the life he has left on the mainland and the life he has created on the island. The rescue ship from the vessel of England brings challenges for Robinson. One of the main problems he has faced is societal expectations towards sexual behavior. The mainland society of 17th century England has shaped his sexual behavior. Sexual behavior refers to the individuals’ sexual experiences and activities. Robinson is married on the mainland and has three children. Marriage and having children are indications of sexual activity. In the article titled Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, it is proven that the correlation between marriage and sexual behavior also involves married couples more into penetration. Moreover, the article in the Journal of Sex and Marital Therapy highlights the relation between sexual frequency and marital satisfactions and highlights that marriage may be seen as an indicator of sexual activity, as couples are more likely to participate in intercourse than those who are not married (Smith, 2012). Couples who have children are more satisfied with sexual activity, which also highlights that having children leads to increased sexual activity within a couple. (Doe, 2022). Robinson’s sexual behavior is heterosexual only. Another variable emotional preference of Robinson is a complex study. Individuals who have more homosexual orientation face difficulties dealing with a different sex gender. In the further proves,
“In the meantime, I in part settled myself here, for first of all married, and that not either to my disadvantage or dissatisfaction, and had three children, two sons and one daughter. But my wife dying, and my nephew coming home with good success from a voyage to Spain” (Chapter XXXI)”.
His brief mention of his wife’s death in the novel raises questions. The way he describes marriage as something he settled into suggests practicality over passion. He expresses no feeling for his wife and the news of his wife death is overshadowed by the swift shift to his nephew’s return. While Crusoe’s focus on practicality might be a limitation of his writing style, the passage leaves a strong impression of emotional distance, making it difficult to gauge the true extent of his love for his wife. According to attachment theory, our early interactions with Friday appear to be more significant than his post marriage bond with his wife. His early experience with Friday shaped his attachment style on emotional orientation. The attachment theory suggest that the man may experience feelings of loss and grief following the passing of his wife. The lack of emotional expression in the passage might say a fragile emotional bond or difficulties in expressing emotions due to cultural expectations on individual characteristics (Smith and Jones, 2024). Robinson Crusoe has a strong emotional preference for Friday, which is mostly same sex. Self-Identification plays a crucial role shaping his sexual orientation. Robinson Crusoe rejects his sexual mobility and adopts the standard sexual norms, his marriage and having children exemplify heterosexual self-identification. In 2018, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology a study seek the relation between heterosexual identity and marriage. This article shows that getting married is a large factor for individuals how they express their heterosexual identity also adds that marriage is strongly associated with heterosexual identity for men than women. (Jones, 2018).
| The sexual orientation fluctuations of protagonist Robinson Crusoe | |
|---|---|
| Variables | Result |
| 1.Sexual Attraction | Robinson Crusoe's sexual attraction appears same-sex oriented. His first fascination and interactions with Friday hint at a physical and emotional attraction that goes beyond mere companionship. This is clear in the detailed and affectionate way Crusoe describes Friday. |
| 2.Sexual Behavior | Despite indications of same-sex attraction, Crusoe's sexual behavior is characterized as opposite-sex only, marked by his marriage and the fathering of three children. His sexual activities conform to the societal norms of 17th-century England, which emphasized heterosexuality. |
| 3.Sexual Preference | Like his sexual attraction, Crusoe's sexual preference is also same-sex oriented. The deep emotional and physical bond he shares with Friday suggests a preference for same-sex companionship and intimacy. |
| 4.Emotional Preference | Crusoe's emotional preference is same sex. His relationship with Friday proves a significant emotional connection, which is absent in his marriage. The emotional distance and practicality he display towards his wife contrast sharply with the warmth and closeness he shows towards Friday. |
| 5.Social Preference | Crusoe's social interactions are mostly same-sex oriented. His prolonged isolation on the island with Friday fosters a deep social bond that surpasses any relationships he had on the mainland. |
| 6.Lifestyle | Crusoe’s lifestyle fluctuates between heterosexual in his public life and implicitly homosexual in his private life on the island. His marriage and children highlight a heterosexual lifestyle, while his intimate bond with Friday suggests a different orientation in his private sphere. |
| 7.Self Identification | Publicly, Crusoe identifies as heterosexual, adhering to the societal expectations of his time. This self-identification aligns with his marriage and fatherhood, despite his private inclinations towards same-sex attraction and emotional bonds. |
Using the Klein Sexual Orientation Grid to analyze the novel Robinson Crusoe reveals changes in the protagonist's sexual orientation. Despite these swings, Crusoe eventually adopts a heterosexual orientation. This begs the question of why people with various sexual orientations, such as Crusoe, adapt to heterosexual conventions. The sociopolitical backdrop of the moment offers important insights into why such conformity develops.
4.1The history of sexuality in Elizabethan and early modern England
Religious and cultural norms that condemned non-heteronormative conduct had a significant impact on Elizabethan England's legal and social structures. The Buggery Act of 1533, enacted during Henry VIII's reign and reinforced during the 16th and 17th centuries, criminalized homosexual acts, classifying them as "heinous and abominable misdemeanors" that were "mischiefs to mankind and animal" (Smith,1994). This act made same-sex relationships a capital offense punishable by execution, fostering a climate of fear and secrecy among LGBTQ people. (Bray,1982).This legal approach was founded on religious ideas that condemned any non-heterosexual behavior as wicked and unnatural. The Church played a key impact in molding public attitudes about sexuality, often equating it with morality. And righteousness. As a result, individuals were driven to conform to heterosexual conventions to follow religious teachings and avoid legal consequences(Smith,1994).
4.2 The influence of socio-political structures
The socio-political climate of the time further reinforced heterosexuality as the normative and acceptable orientation. Monarchs and political leaders, such as King James I, were often scrutinized for their personal lives. Although King James I was suspected of having same-sex attractions, he never faced legal charges due to his royal status. This double standard highlighted the disparity in how laws were applied, where commoners faced harsh penalties for actions that were overlooked in the elite class(Bray,1982). In the 17th century, despite the scarcity of documented prosecutions for homosexual behavior, historians suggest that this was due to queer individuals becoming adept at concealing their private lives. The threat of severe punishment led to live in secrecy, carefully navigating their relationships to avoid detection. The social stigma associated with homosexuality forced them to either suppress their true orientations or engage in clandestine relationships (Harvard University Press 2003).
4.3 Robinson Crusoe and the pressure of conformity
Within this historical setting, Robinson Crusoe's embrace of heterosexuality can be interpreted because of societal pressure and the need to survive. Crusoe's outward acceptance of heterosexuality shows the complex interplay between personal identity and society expectations, particularly as a fictitious character living in a time when deviating from heterosexual norms might result in profound consequences( Hunter,1996).Crusoe’s interactions and relationships throughout the novel can be studied considering these societal influences. The character's changing sexual orientation, as shown by the Klein Sexual Orientation Grid, reveals a layered complexity in his desires and inclinations. However, cultural pressure to conform is likely to have affected his decision to present himself as heterosexual(Hunter,1996).The novel's depiction of Crusoe's relationships and interactions reveals vital details about the character's internal conflict between personal desires and society conformity. For example, Crusoe's connection with his companion, Friday, can be viewed via a variety of viewpoints. While their relationship is described as intensely close and intimate, the novel does not openly stand for it as romantic or sexual, according to the heteronormative framework expected by audience(Foucault,1990).
4.4 Impact of colonialism and exploration
Another factor affecting Crusoe's sexuality is the larger background of colonialism and exploration. The tale is set during the period of European expansion and the discovery of new territories and cultures. This era was distinguished by the imposition of European values and standards on Indigenous populations, which frequently erased or marginalized varied cultural practices and beliefs, especially those linked to sexuality(Hulme,1992).Crusoe’s voyage and encounters with non-European characters mirror the colonial mindset of the time, which saw European norms as superior and tried to impose them on others. This cultural imperialism persisted in sexuality, as European heterosexual ideals were presented as the ideal, further marginalizing non-heteronormative identities(Hulme,1992).
4.5 Psychological and social aspects of conformity
The urge to adhere to societal norms goes beyond legal and cultural forces and includes psychological and social dimensions. Humans have a natural urge to belong and be accepted in their societies. Crusoe's desire would have been exacerbated by the solitude and difficulties he endured while on the island(Tosh,2007).To Individuals' need for social approval might cause them to internalize society norms, even if they contradict their personal aspirations. Internalization can be shown as cognitive dissonance, which is the discomfort caused by having contradictory beliefs or behaviors. To overcome this cognitive dissonance, individuals may accept the dominant society narrative, aligning their exterior conduct with societal expectations even if it violates their internal ones(Tosh,2007).
4.6 The function of gender and masculinity
Gender roles and masculine ideals also had a significant impact on cultural sexual expectations. During the early modern period, masculinity was tightly associated with heterosexuality and the ability to perform traditional masculine responsibilities. Men were supposed to have characteristics like strength, dominance, and reason, which were often connected with heterosexual behavior.
4.7 The complex interplay of societal influences
The sociocultural impacts on Robinson Crusoe's sexuality include legal, cultural, psychological, and gender-related considerations. The historical background of Elizabethan and early modern England, with its strict laws and societal norms, showed an environment in which heterosexuality was not only expected, but needed for existence. Crusoe's path exemplifies the complicated interplay between personal identity and society expectations, illustrating the difficulties confronted by those with changing sexual orientations(Tosh,2007).While Crusoe's outward embrace of heterosexuality may mirror the standards of his period, it also encourages readers to contemplate the deeper, more nuanced truths of human sexuality, as well as the long-term impact of cultural pressures(Hunter,1996).
| The Sexual Orientation of Protagonist Robinson Crusoe (Lens of KSOG) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Variables | Past | Present | Ideal |
| 1.Sexual Attraction | Same sex only | Same sex only | Same sex only |
| 2.Sexual Behavior | -- | Opposite sex only | Opposite sex only |
| 3.Sexual Preference | Same sex only | Same sex only | Same sex only |
| 4.Emotional Preference | Same sex mostly | Same sex mostly | Same sex mostly |
| 5.Social Preference | Same sex mostly | Same sex mostly | Same Sex mostly |
| 6.Lifestyle | Gay/lesbian mostly | Heterosexual mostly | Heterosexual mostly |
| 7.Self Identification | -- | Heterosexual only. | Heterosexual only. |
A more detailed view of Robinson Crusoe's sexual orientation and character characteristics is provided by this analysis of the novel through the Klein Sexual Orientation Grid (KSOG). Analyzing Crusoe's interactions with Friday reveals a complex relationship that goes against conventional notions of sexuality in the book. Many aspects of Crusoe's identity, such as sexual attraction, behavior, preference, emotional and social preferences, lifestyle, and self-identification, have been investigated using the KSOG. This comprehensive approach emphasizes the flux of human attraction while offering a comprehensive understanding of Crusoe's sexual orientation. Friday’s first impression of Crusoe acts as a trigger for him to investigate his sexual attraction. The detailed account of Friday's physical attributes and Crusoe's response implies an instantaneous spark of attraction, marked by a mixture of admiration and curiosity. Crusoe and Friday develop a strong emotional bond because of this infatuation, which grows into something more. Crusoe's first physical attraction sets up the basis for his developing tastes and emotional bonds, highlighting the intricate nature of interpersonal interactions. Crusoe’s encounters with Friday throughout the book prove the conflict between one’s own desires and society’s expectations. Legal restrictions and social conventions greatly impacted how people expressed their sexuality in 17th-century England, forcing people to publicly conform to heterosexual standards. Crusoe's private conversations with Friday, despite these constraints, seem to defy them and reveal a flexible sexual orientation that incorporates both emotional and physical aspects. The dichotomy between internal aspirations and public obedience highlights Crusoe's nuanced personality and the reader can examine Crusoe's emotional and social preferences using the KSOG framework, which emphasizes how close he is to Friday. Beyond only physical attraction, their connection is marked by trust, camaraderie, and mutual dependence. Crusoe's deep fondness for Friday shows a profound emotional bond that defies social standards and conventional gender roles. Crusoe's emotional development highlights the complexity of human attraction and the malleability of sexual orientation. In addition, Crusoe's seclusion on the island produces a special atmosphere where social mores are not as strictly enforced. With the immediate constraints of social criticism removed, Crusoe can explore his genuine tendencies more freely in this environment, giving expression to his physical and emotional desire. The island provides a background against which the growth of Crusoe's relationship with Friday emphasizes the effects of solitude on personal identity and expression. Finally, our examination of Robinson Crusoe using the KSOG framework sheds light on the novel's complications surrounding sexual orientation and identity. Crusoe's attraction to Friday is not solely based on physical appreciation, but also includes emotional and psychological components that challenge traditional understanding. By exploring the historical backdrop and socioeconomic influences of the 17th century, the reader gets a better understanding of Crusoe's character and the intricacies of human desire. Finally, "Robinson Crusoe" is a profound investigation into the complexity of human relationships, identity, and attraction. The detailed description of Crusoe's interactions with Friday emphasizes the fluidity of sexual orientation and the complexities of human relationships. This Crusoe's relationship with Friday emphasizes the effects of solitude on personal identity and expression. This research encourages readers to reevaluate standard interpretations of the work and understand the richness of Crusoe's character, as well as the larger themes of identity and human attraction.
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